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March 07, 2008

Standby Letters of Credit - A Comprehensive Guide

New Book - Standby Letters of Credit

www.graincon.com

A Palgrave Macmillan Book

This authoritative reference book gives thorough, practical guidance for anyone who needs to deal with standby letters of credit either professionally or academically.  Augmented with examples of numerous real-life cases, the book addresses the exact procedures undertaken by global banks in handling letters of credit transactions whilst incisively providing an article by article interpretation of the ISP98. Furthermore, the book also explains the credit operation cycle, the various parties to the credit transaction, types and uses -with special emphasis on tender and performance standby letters of credit, roles and responsibilities, risk management and fraud detection and prevention.  This provides all the tools you need to deal not only with routine problems but also with unforeseen difficulties.

Click here to order your copy

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March 06, 2008

The Next Level: Middle Eastern Banks Seek Winning Strategy

Strategic Planning www.graincon.com

For banks in the Middle East, setting the right strategy or altering the current one to take into account the changing and social environment is key to continuing growth. Achieving ultimate profit and overcoming risk-management challenges in 2008 requires an in-depth revision to adjust the fundamental elements of banks’ business strategy. In this second of a two part article, Yacoub E. Sifri explores what it will take for regional banks to find success in 2008 and beyond.

Key Challenges:

Commercial banks need to focus on six vital imperatives:

1. Strengthening relationships with customers
2. Expanding the clientele base
3. Optimizing the current portfolio whilst improving its quality
4. Targeting the service sector
5. Intensifying cross-selling with a focus on trade finance products
6. Adopting a consultancy role.


Strengthening the Bank-Customer Relationship

“Customer first,” “Customer satisfaction,” “Exceeding customer expectations “ and “Partners, not customers” are only few of the slogans that almost all banks would like to apply to themselves. It is basic knowledge that a bank’s top priority is strengthening customer relations. One hidden method of doing so is through cross-selling; it  not only opens the door for more interaction with customers and increases revenues, it also educates customers on the scope of services the bank offers. The cross-selling rates for many banks in the region are very low, in fact, customers seldom think of their bank when they need a solution.

Expanding the Clientele Base
 

Currently, global banks are strategically pursuing the low-cost deposits of devout Muslim customers, because funding costs are a priority issue for them and deposits are more valuable than ever. This is true in both conventional and Islamic banking. It is also important for a bank to segment the market and target those sectors that are growing and tend to hold liquid deposits for longer periods of time. The process of widening the clientele base must be conducted in the context of a comprehensive strategic plan that also encompasses a plan to develop industry sector expertise for the purpose of attracting these new relationships with depositors.

Optimizing Current Portfolios

Another major concern for the 2008 strategic plan is improving the risk-adjusted return on existing  loan portfolios. Commercial banks in the Middle East need to explore  issues such as concentration of portfolios and irregularities that an auditor normally detects. for example,  loans with frequently delayed  payments and overdue installments or overdrawn accounts (often belonging to troubled industry sectors). Loans that do not comply with the bank’s retail or corporate credit policy that were granted by an exceptional approval- a loan extended to the king’s cousin, the uncle of an executive working  in the bank or a friend of the ban’s chairman against his name only-must be dealt with by restructuring or pruning from the powhenrtfolio. This is especially important when one considers the costs of such loans on the bank’s financial statements and the destructive effects on the bank’s reputation and image.
 

Raising the level of efficiency of both corporate and retail lending operations is also essential . Many global banks have introduced so-called packaged lending to streamline, standardize and centralize elements of the loan approval and renewal processes that do not add value in direct ways to the customer relationship. On the corporate side of lending, banks must seek to enhance and develop their financial analysis skills, placing more emphasis on borrower cash flows and less emphasis on collateral value; in corporate lending, securities are the last lines of defense.

Targeting Growth in the Services Sector

In the Middle East, banks positioning themselves for long-term success will look to proactively shift their marketing focus to the growing business services sector. Nowadays, more than 30 percent of the Arab workface is employed in the service sectors. This sector does not rely on traditional financing and consists mostly of small businesses that generate good cash flow and have small financing needs. Such businesses normally require cash management, payment/Collection services, short term trade financing and other nontraditional commercial services.
 

Cross-Selling Additional Services to Drive Profitability :Focus on Trade Finance


Lending on its own does not generate the maximum possible returns for a bank, and hence, it does not constitute the  ideal employment of resources. The opportunity cost for using a bank’s resources solely for lending is too high; many Arab banks do not realize that their is virtually no profit in lending to larger corporations. The same applies to MSEs. As margin compression continues and lending costs keep rising, cross-selling the bank’s products to existing customers is necessary to break even on the customer relationship. Today, the credit executives of the region’s global bank are focused on selling credit (loans and overdraft loans); however, loans and ODs are really just inducements to attract new relationships with merchants who utilize trade finance products. The bank that masters trade services is the one that always wins merchants business. For this reason, most commercial banks have made the trade service department their top priority.

Cross-selling bank services has proved difficult for many banks, and it is more difficult for local and regional banks that are competing against the world’s top banks, which enjoy the advantages of economies of scale and a full diversity of products, in addition to public trust and solid financials.

Adopting a Consultancy Role for Customers
 

Perhaps one of the most effective techniques that a bank can adopt to protect against accounts erosion and to strengthen the bank-customer relationship is assuming an advisory role rather than merely acting as a traditional banker. This entails the account relationship m manager providing technical and financial advice. As we’ve  discussed earlier, lending is a core service and constitutes the base from which to build a profitable, sustainable customer relationship. In addition, acting as a business consultant is an effective means to increase cross-selling of products and secure a higher portion of the client’s total business. This is because advisory services offer value to clients well beyond d the lending transaction and allow the bank to compete on the basis of knowledge, not price, against the global financial giants.
 

In banking, knowledge of the product and local market has proven to be the most effective means to overcome the competitive advantages of scale, automation and financial wealth of the global banks. This explains why banks such as HSBC constantly seek to build up their knowledge of local markets and show the customers that they possess that knowledge.

Getting it Done
 

These days, it is practically impossible to rely just on the individual skills of the account relationship executives (credit facilities managers) to ensure that the bank’s credit portfolio is in a healthy position. In order to be able to compete in the challenging environment of 2008, banks must adopt modern methods in running their corporate credit operations, especially for those banks that deal with a larger clientele base. Banks must concentrate on optimizing their current credit portfolios through improved loan portfolio analytics, ,adopting more stringent approval criteria, monitoring controlling exceptions and the like. It is absolutely vital for banks to at least generate on a daily basis following types of exception reports to manage the performance of the credit portfolio effectively:

1. List of total clients
2. Outstanding loans
3. Interest, fees and charges generated on daily and monthly basis per customer
4. Good, bad and doubtful accounts.
 

More complex lines of business, such as land development construction and income property lending, constitute higher risks and require additional, specialized reports to ensure adequate analysis. These reports are essential tools aimed at helping  top management to analyze outstanding situations, undertake protective measures for anticipated future hindrances and adjust a bank’s relationship approval criteria as  appropriate furthermore banks must not only manage for internal value; abstractly managing for maximum profitability could turn out to be a short –sighted strategy. Maintaining a balance between preserving relations with stable, reputable firms and taking into account their profitability results in a healthy credit portfolio that generates higher returns for the bank in the long run. Conversely over charging existing customer to maximize profitability can cause account attrition and eventually, financial losses that can be hard to recoup. Banks ought to focus on attracting the accounts of those firms that have been established for longer periods and have clean reputations in trade: these merchants are often more influential in the markets than even the largest publicly listed corporates.
 

Additionally, banks must focus on providing their customers with more value added services. Creating new ways to add customer values should be a regular per suit. Periodic value- innovation brain storming sessions can be very fruitful if combined with gathering new ideas and input from employees in different departments and of different ranks, rather than totally depending on the banks executives and top management people. Front-liners often observe customers’ preferences and have good ideas about customers’ needs and how best to fulfill them. Banks must also improve communication and training . in our region, this could turn to be the most challenging pursuit in 2008, especially in technical areas such as trade finance. Its our convection that a successful training program is one that always focuses in the most relevant issues, and this can be achieved only through a continuous and unbiased interaction with the market place.
 

Finally, banks also develop and awareness of the interdependence of their separate but operationally integrated departments. Various units must perform in harmony and operate together in order to effectively achieve new growth profit and audit strategic imperatives.

All rights reserved, J. Sifri Consulting Services www.graincon.com

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March 02, 2008

Christians and Muslims in the Arab World Protest Against Reprinted Cartoon of the Profit Mohammed

DAMASCUS, Syria: About 2,000 angry Palestinians took to the streets near Damascus on Saturday protesting the continued Israeli closure of the Gaza Strip and a drawing in Denmark portraying the Prophet Muhammad.

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